In recent years, Bacillus cereus infection has emerged as a main concern in the field of children's public health. This bacterium, known to be a pollutant, can be found in various settings such as hospital wards, equipment, breast milk, nutrient solution and so on. With its high pathogenicity and toxicity, Bacillus cereus infection can lead to severe and life-threatening symptoms, particularly in premature infants. This case report documents the death of a preterm infant due to Bacillus cereus sepsis, septic shock, meningitis, and pneumonia, all of which were linked to the use of a central venous catheter.